WHEN THE VERDICT ISN'T THE END: RESTITUTION AND CONTENT REMOVAL AS THE STATE'S RECOVERY OBLIGATION TO OGBV VICTIMS UNDER INDONESIA'S TPKS LAW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20414/js.v8i3.162Kata Kunci:
restitution, content removal, online gender-based violence (OGBV), TPKS Law, Victim Assistance FundAbstrak
Online gender-based violence (OGBV) causes harm that outlasts the judicial process, since sexual content can keep circulating long after a case closes. Indonesia's Law Number 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence (TPKS Law) grants OGBV victims the right to restitution and content removal, reinforced by Government Regulation Number 29 of 2025 on the Victim Assistance Fund. This normative juridical study examines whether these two mechanisms, read together as a single state recovery obligation, meet five adequacy indicators: genuine compensation, certainty of implementation, speed, cessation of continuing harm, and access to information. Both mechanisms rest on a sound normative basis but fall short on several indicators: restitution lacks a method for calculating non-material and digital harm and clear fund-disbursement guidelines, while content removal has no time limit, no emergency procedure, and is rarely ordered alongside a court decision. The two mechanisms prove interdependent: swift content removal curbs continuing harm, and removal costs themselves become part of the restitution claim. Recovery is adequate only when circulation stops and harm is compensated. The study recommends Supreme Court guidelines for calculating harm, LPSK guidelines for fund disbursement, and an emergency content-removal mechanism.
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