BEYOND FORMAL PEACE: AN AXIOLOGICAL MEASURE OF VICTIM RECOVERY IN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20414/js.v8i3.161Kata Kunci:
restorative justice, legal axiology, victim recovery, procedural compromise, formal peace.Abstrak
Restorative justice is often framed as more humane than retribution, but a peace agreement does not guarantee justice if the victim is pressured, the parties stand on unequal footing, or the harm goes unaddressed. This article develops a philosophical measure of recovery quality for victims, offenders, and society, together with safeguards against procedural compromises that overlook victim vulnerability. Using normative legal research with conceptual, statutory, and axiological approaches, it finds that genuine recovery requires six cumulative indicators, voluntary participation, acknowledgment of harm, reparation, protection from pressure, follow-through on agreements, and the recovery of offenders and society, alongside a three-layer safeguard of case selection, process verification, and outcome oversight. The resulting framework repositions the victim as the subject of recovery rather than merely a party who consents to peace, giving law enforcement a concrete basis for assessing whether a restorative settlement is substantively, not just procedurally, complete.
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Laws and Regulations
Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana).
Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak).
Law No. 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence (Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual).
Law No. 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code (Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana).
Police Regulation No. 8 of 2021 on the Handling of Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice (Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Penanganan Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif).
Prosecutorial Regulation No. 15 of 2020 on the Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice (Peraturan Kejaksaan Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif).
Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2024 on Guidelines for Adjudicating Criminal Cases Based on Restorative Justice (Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif).
Supreme Court Regulation No. 3 of 2017 on Guidelines for Adjudicating Cases of Women in Conflict with the Law (Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Perempuan Berhadapan dengan Hukum).
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