Sophist : Jurnal Sosial Politik Kajian Islam dan Tafsir

The Law for The Perpetrator of The Great Sin According to Kharijite

Lalu Abdul Razzak — 2023-11-09

هذا البحث يتناول على مسألة مرتكب الكبيرة التى هي من المسائل العظيمة التي نشأ نزاع الفرق الإسلامية فيها منذ عهد مبكر للإسلام، وذلك بعد مقتل سيدنا عثمان بن عفان رضي الله عنه، في عصر الخليفة الرابعة سيدنا علي رضي الله عنه ظهرت وذلك بعد أمر التحكيم فذهبت فرقة الخوارج إلى تكفير مرتكب الكبيرة وقالوا بخلوده في النار فكفروا بعض أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. وللوصول إلى النتائج المرجوة سوف يعتمد الباحث في تناول هذا البحث على المنهج التحليلي وهو عرض آراء الخوارج وآراء أهل السنة في حكم مرتكب الكبيرة. ونتائج البحث هي أن الخوارج أول من أحدث فكرة تكفير مرتكب الكبيرة وذلك بعد أمر التحكيم بين سيدنا علي رضي الله عنه وسيدنا معاوية رضي الله عنه، فزعموا أن قبول التحكيم معصية فكفروا من قبل التحكيم من الصحابة والخوارج ليست على فرقة واحدة وإنما تفرقت إلى فرق متعددة مما تؤدي إلى اختلافهم في الآراء، ولكل فرقة منها إمام. وفكرة تكفير مرتكب الكبيرة ليس من الأمور المجمع على الخوارج، بل هم يختلفون في مرتكب الكبيرة سواء في حكم مرتكب الكبيرة أو أثره في الأحكام الأخروية والدنيوية وفكرة تكفير مرتكب الكبيرة عند الخوارج مبنية على أصلهم في الإيمان، حيث ذهبوا إلى أن الإيمان هو التصديق في القلب والإقرار باللسان والعمل بالجوارح، ويرون أنها شيء واحد، حيث إذا ذهب بعضه ذهب كله.

Local Wisdom in Kebangru'an Rites in Pringgabaya East Lombok

Yuga Anggana Sosani — 2023-11-09

This paper discusses the local wisdom in the Kebangru'an rite, a traditional procession of the people of Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency in overcoming trance disorders. The method used is qualitative ethnography where the researcher is involved and interacts directly in in the community whom is the object of research, to find out the historical value, form of presentation, local wisdom and challenges in the entire series of Kebangru'an Rites. Data collection was conducted by means of observation and in-depth interviews. Observations were made by observing various actions that were patterned and reflected the thinking system of the Kebangru'an Rite activists which included speech, expressions, statements, perspectives on life, and their life history. The results show that as a sacred ritual, the Kebangru'an Rite is identical to the ancient belief of animism. The form of the Kebangru'an Rite is dominated by elements of art: dance and musical accompaniment. A possessed person will dance endlessly to the music of Kebangru'an. Ritus Kebangru'an has its own wisdom for the supporting community: (1) as a medium of transcendental communication between the community and ancestral spirits, (2) as an expression of tradition that contains messages about the description of the cycle of life to death. The wisdom values contained in the Kebangru'an Rite are: (1) as a healing therapy for people in trance, (2) as a source of information from ancestral spirits, (3) as a medium of alternative medicine for the community, (4) foster a sense of concern for others, (5) foster an attitude of mutual cooperation, (6) foster an attitude of discipline and order, and (7) improve religious attitudes. Meanwhile, threats to the sustainability of the Kebangru'an Rite arise from three groups: (1) Ultra modernists who consider that traditional ritual offerings to be something old-fashioned, (2) Puritan religious groups who view the Kebangru'an Rite as a form of shirk and contrary to Islamic teachings. (3) Pragmatic attitudes, namely those who think practically, quickly and instantaneously.

The Political Ethics of Kiai

Abd Hannan — 2023-11-09

This study focuses on examining the political existence of the kyai, the role and populist values behind their political activism as a constructive critique of political dynamics in Indonesia, which in recent years has become increasingly pragmatic. There are three research questions discussed in this study, what are the populist values contained in the political activism of the clerics in Indonesia? What is the political reality in Indonesia today? How to understand the value of kyai political activism as a critique of political pragmatism in contemporary Indonesia? This study uses a type of qualitative research, the data used are primary data and secondary data. After analyzing field data based on the perspective of political sociology theory, this study finds that political pragmatism in Indonesia is currently clearly illustrated along with the increasingly liberal political practices in Indonesia, thus triggering the birth of transactional politics, money politics, and corrupt practices. In order to address this issue, it is important to make the populist values of kyai political activism a constructive criticism in order to return Indonesian politics to its nature, in line with the spirit and system of democracy, both in terms of procedure and substance. The populist spirit behind the kyai's political activism is clearly reflected in their political struggle which tends to fight for two values at once, namely the value of universality and the value of defending personal rights, in this context are human rights and human dignity, as inherited by Gusdur's political thought, Kyai Ahmad Dahlan , Kyai Hasyim Asy'ari, Kyai Sahal Mahfudz and a number of other kyai figures.

Nahdlatul Wathan and The 2019 Presidential Election

Muh. Alwi Parhanudin — 2023-11-09

This study aims to determine the existence of the Nahdlatul Wathan Islamic community organization and its impact on the election of President and Vice President in the 2019 simultaneous general election in Pringgasela Village. The analysis in this study uses Social Movement Theory and Rational Choice Theory. This study used a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques obtained from observations, interviews of data sources, and documentation. By using an attractive model consists of three stages: data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study show that the existence of the Nahdlatul Wathan organization in Pringgasela Village cannot easily affect the victory of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates’ number 01 in 2019 in Pringgasela Village. The factors that led to the defeat of the Presidential and Vice-presidential candidates’ number 01 (Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin) such as the mobilization of the Nahdlatul Wathan management were not optimal, the influence of the media at that time, antipathy towards Jokowi, people who voted with calculation and suitability.

From Textuality To Discursity; The Hermeneutics of Quran Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd

Ahmad Sulaiman — 2023-11-09

The agenda of Islamic renewal has declined due to the stagnation of the Al-Qur'an reading model that has occurred for thousands of years. Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, an Egyptian intellectual, sees this happening because of the overlap between text and meaning as a consequence of the sanctification of the verses of the Qur'an as the word of God which contains absolute truth and creates the impossibility of interpretation beyond the literal meaning of the text. Responding to these conditions, Abu Zayd presents a thesis regarding the textuality of the Qur'an or that the Muslim holy book is a cultural product that contains objective meaning which must be revealed through an understanding of horizontal interactions with the socio-historical world. The implication is that the Qur'an is a textus receptus (received text/mushaf) which must be approached by borrowing various methodologies such as hermeneutics, semiotics and language. Only then, according to Abu Zayd, can the objective meaning of the text free from ideology and subjectivism be achieved. This paper will elaborate on the phenomenon of impasse in the meaning of the Qur'an along with Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's methodological-hermeneutical proposal regarding both the textuality and the discoursiveness of the Qur'an. Next, some application of Abu Zayd's hermeneutics in usury, polygamy and hakimiyat will be elaborated.

The Maqashidiyya Dimension of Ibn Taymiyyah's Thoughts on Jihad

Yoga Pratama — 2023-11-09

This research aims to examine the Maqashidiyah dimensions (sharia goals) in Ibn Taimiyah's thoughts about jihad. Ibn Taimiyah's thoughts on jihad are analyzed in the context of Maqashid al-Shariah which includes the maintenance of the soul, the maintenance of the mind, the maintenance of religion, and the maintenance of property. The research method used is literature study by analyzing relevant works of Ibn Taimiyah, especially in relation to jihad. Research findings show that in his thinking, Ibn Taymiyah viewed jihad as a legitimate form of self-defense to protect the lives and safety of Muslims from oppression, aggression and threats of violence. Jihad also involves protecting the thoughts and beliefs of Muslims from influences that corrupt the mind, as well as the spread of Islamic teachings as part of intellectual jihad. Apart from that, Ibn Taimiyah saw jihad as an effort to defend the Islamic religion from the threat of disbelief,maintaining the continuity of religion, and fighting injustice. Protection of Muslim property was also a concern of Ibn Taymiyah in the context of jihad, with an emphasis on protecting Muslim wealth and defending their rights. This research provides a deeper understanding of the Maqashidiyah dimension in Ibn Taimiyah's thinking about jihad and contributes to the development of thinking about jihad in a broader context.